Abnormal Pap Test

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This article was last updated on 1/5/2009.
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References

Citations

  1. Saslow D, et al. (2002). American Cancer Society guideline for the early detection of cervical neoplasia and cancer. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 52(6): 342–362.

  2. Hogewoning CJA, et al. (2003). Condom use promotes regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and clearance of human papillomavirus: A randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Cancer, 107(5): 811–816.

  3. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2005, reaffirmed 2007). Human papillomavirus. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 61. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 104(4): 905–918.

  4. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2003, reaffirmed 2007). Cervical cytology screening. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 45. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 102(2): 417–427.

  5. Sawaya GF, et al. (2003). Risk of cervical cancer associated with extending the interval between cervical-cancer screenings. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(16): 1501–1509.

  6. Sawaya GF, et al. (2000). The positive predictive value of cervical smears in previously screened postmenopausal women: The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS). Annals of Internal Medicine, 133(12): 942–950.

  7. Runowicz CD (2007). Approach to the patient with an abnormal Pap smear. In DC Dale, DD Federman, eds., ACP Medicine, section 16, chap. 1. New York: WebMD.

  8. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2008). Management of abnormal cervical cytology and histology. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 99. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 112(6): 1419–1444.

  9. Sawaya GF, et al. (2001). Current approaches to cervical-cancer screening. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(21): 1603–1607.

  10. Winer RL, et al. (2006). Condom use and the risk of genital human papillomavirus infection in young women. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(25): 2645–2654.

  11. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2006). FDA licenses new vaccine for prevention of cervical cancer and other diseases in females caused by human papillomavirus. FDA News. Available online: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2006/NEW01385.html.

Other Works Consulted

  • ASCUS–LSIL Triage Study (ALTS) Group (2003). A randomized trial on the management of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology interpretations. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 188(6): 1393–1400.

  • Bosch FX, et al. (2001). Papillomavirus research update: Highlights of the Barcelona HPV 2000 International Papillomavirus Conference. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 54: 163–175.

  • Bristow RE, Montz FJ (2001). Workup of the abnormal Pap test. Clinical Cornerstone, 3(1): 12–20.

  • Cox JT, et al. (2003). Prospective follow-up suggests similar risk of subsequent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 or negative colposcopy and directed biopsy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 188(6): 1406–1412.

  • Cuzick J, et al. (2003). Management of women who test positive for high-risk types of human papillomavirus: The HART study. Lancet, 362 (9399): 1871–1876.

  • Guido R, et al. (2003). Postcolposcopy management strategies for women referred with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or human papillomavirus DNA–positive atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance: A two-year prospective study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 188(6): 1401–1405.

  • Kulasingam SL, Koutsky LA (2001). Will new human papillomavirus diagnostics improve cervical cancer control efforts? Current Infectious Disease Reports, 3: 169–180.

  • Melnikow M, et al. (2002). Management of the low-grade abnormal Pap smear: What are women's preferences? Journal of Family Practice, 51(10): 849–855.

  • Wright TC, et al. (2003). 2001 consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 189(1): 295–304.

  • Wright TC, et al. (2007). 2006 consensus guidelines for the management of women with abnormal cervical cancer screening tests. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 197(4): 346–355.

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Author: Sandy Jocoy, RNLast Updated: January 5, 2009
Medical Review: Joy Melnikow, MD, MPH - Family Medicine
Kevin Holcomb, MD - Gynecologic Oncology

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